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Reference notes
Chapter 1: Introduction
1 See pages 364-369 (English) & pages 369-374 (Maori) for Her Majesty the Queen's full
instructions, called "The Warrant".
2 In the inquiry process under the Commissions of Inquiry Act 1908, those accorded
Interested Persons status had the right to appear before the Commission in person (or by
counsel or agent) and give oral evidence. For further detail, see appendix 1, section 3.3,
"Formal Hearings: the process".
Chapter 3: Cultural, ethical and spiritual
issues
1 For example, Royal Society of New Zealand [IP77b] Interested Person submission:
Executive Summary, para 1. New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Interested
Person submission: Name of Organisation/Person section. Crop and Food Research [IP4].
Interested Person submission: sB(j), Summary, para 67.
2 Friends of the Earth [IP78] Interested Person submission: sB(j), (Summary), para 1.7.
3 Moana Jackson (Kahungunu), 10 February, 2001. Hastings regional hui. Omahu Pa,
Fernhill. Transcript.
4 The Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia [IP42]. Evidence of
Stephanie McIntyre, 19 February, 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 3825.
5 Terehia Kipa (Tuhoe, Te Arawa), 24 February, 2001. Christchurch regional hui. Te
Waipounamu House, Christchurch. Transcript.
6 Sir John Turei (Tuhoe), 10 March, 2001. Auckland regional hui. Orakei Marae. Transcript.
7 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(ii), para 31.
8 Ngati Wairere were the occupiers of the land at Ruakura from around 1840. The land
subsequently passed into Crown ownership, but was finally returned to the Waikato
Raupatu Lands Trust as part of the Deed of Settlement between the Crown and Waikato
Tainui signed in 1995. Through all this Ngati Wairere have made the point that they
continue to hold and have never relinquished manawhenua over the land.
9 John Hohapata-Oke (Ngati Awa), 2 December, 2000. Rotorua regional hui. Tamatekapua
Marae, Rotorua. Transcript.
10 Donald M Bruce. The Importance of Public Values in the Safety and Risk Assessment of
GM Foods. OECD Conference on Biotechnology and Food Safety, Edinburgh, 2000.
Reprinted in Appendix 4: Professor Brian Jordan. OECD Conference on the Scientific and
Health Aspects of Genetically Modified Foods. A report prepared for The Ministry of Research, Science
and Technology. Edinburgh, 28 February - 1March 2000. Massey University, April 2000.
11 Friends of the Earth [IP78]. Interested Person submission: sB(j), Summary, para 1.7.
12 Friends of the Earth: sB(j)(ii), para 1.1.
13 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(iv), para
12.
14 Friends of the Earth [IP78]. Interested Person submission: sB(j), Summary, para 1.7.
15 World scientists' statement calling for a moratorium on GM crops and ban on patents:
This statement was issued during the 1999 meeting on the UN Convention on
Biodiversity held in Cartagena, Columbia to consider the Biosafety Protocol. It was issued
by 125 scientists from 24 countries; by April 2000 the number of signatories had risen to
310 scientists from 36 countries. Quoted in: Work in progress: proceed with caution. Primary
Producer Access to Gene Technology. House of Representatives Standing Committee on
Primary Industries and Regional Services, Australia.
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16 Koanga Gardens Charitable Trust [IP72]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 11.
17 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP98]. Evidence of Dr Michael McCabe, 22
February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4004.
18 Quaker Spiritual Ecology Group, Religious Society of Friends [IP50]. Evidence of Joanna
Paul, 22 February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 3955.
19 Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia [IP42]. Interested Person
submission: Executive Summary.
20 Public Questions Committee [IP93]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary,
para 4.15.
21 New Zealand Jewish Community [IP80]. Interested Person submission: para 7.
22 Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia [IP42]. Evidence of Stephanie
McIntyre, 19 February, 2001. Transcript of Proceedings: page 3824.
23 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Evidence of Anne Dickinson, 22
February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4005.
24 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Interested Person submission: Executive
Summary, para 7.
25 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(i),
para 2.
26 Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia [IP42]. Interested Person
submission: sB(j)(iv).
27 Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia [IP42]: sB(j)(iv).
28 Bleakley v ERMA AP177/00 HC, Wellington 2 May 2001 unreported.
29 University of Auckland [IP16]. Evidence of Dr Ingrid Winship, 25 October 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 472.
30 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(iv),
para 4.
31 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Interested Person submission: s B(j)(iv),
para 27.
32 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]: Executive Summary, para 15.
33 Dr Maurice Ormsby. Called by New Zealand Wool Board [IP30]. Witness brief: sB(j)(iv),
para 4.
34 Dr Maurice Ormsby. Witness brief: sB(j)(iv), para 5.5.
35 Save Animals from Exploitation (SAFE) [IP85]. Interested Person submission: sB(k),
paragraph 204.
36 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Interested Person submission. Executive
Summary, para 5.
37 Friends of the Earth [IP78]. Interested Person submission: sB(k), para 1.4.
38 Bevan Tipene Matua (Ngai Tahu, Kahungunu), 24 February 2001. Christchurch regional
hui. Te Waipounamu House, Christchurch. Transcript.
39 Moana Jackson (Kahungunu), 10 February, 2001. Hastings regional hui. Omahu Marae.
Transcript.
40 Muaupoko Co-operative Society [IP57]. Evidence of Vivienne Taueki, 27 Februry, 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4217.
41 Reverend Edward Ellison (Ngai Tahu), 6 March, 2001. Dunedin regional hui. Otakou
Marae, Otakou. Transcript.
42 Sir John Turei (Tuhoe). 10 March, 2001. Auckland regional hui, Orakei Marae. Transcript.
43 Save Animals From Exploitation (SAFE) [IP85]. Interested Person submission: sB(k), para
197.
44 New Zealand Transgenic Animal Users [IP45]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(v), para
91.
45 Mere McGarvey (Tainui), 17 February, 2001. Gisborne regional hui. Poho-o-Rawiri
Marae, Gisborne. Transcript.
46 Angeline Ngahina Greensill (Tainui). Called by Nga Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Witness
brief: Executive Summary.
47 Te Manawanui Pauro (Atihaunui-a-Paparangi), 4 November, 2000. Wanganui regional
hui. Te Ao Hou Marae, Wanganui. Transcript.
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48 Tamati Cairns and Paora Ammunsen. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network
Incorporated [IP24]. Witness brief: sB(g), s2, para 49.
49 Tamati Cairns and Paora Ammunsen. Witness brief: sB(g), s2, para 46.
50 Tamati Cairns and Paora Ammunsen. Witness brief: sB(g), s2, para 47.
51 George Ria (Rongowhakata), 17 February, 2001. Gisborne regional hui. Poho-o-Rawiri
Marae, Gisborne. Transcript.
52 Nici Gibbs. Genetically Modified Organisms and Maori Cultural and Ethical Issues. Background
paper presented to the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, commissioned by the
Ministry for the Environment June 1996.
53 Unknown speaker, 6-8 April, 2001. National hui. Turangawaewae Marae, Ngaruawahia.
Transcript.
54 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission:
Executive Summary, sA(2), para 5.
55 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission:
Executive Summary, sA(2), para 7.
56 Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Evidence of Dr Morgan
Williams in cross-examination, 28 February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4336.
Chapter 4: Environment and health issues
1 Information drawn from:
GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) In Food and Environment [IP63]. Interested Person
submission. Professor Terje Traavik, called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82], Friends of
the Earth [IP78], Environment and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand [IP102].
Dr Robin Ord, called by Pesticide Action Network New Zealand [IP87]. Steven Druker,
called by GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) In Food and Environment [IP63]. Professor Gary
Comstock, called by Agcarm [IP29]. Zelke Grammer, called by Organic Products
Exporters Group [IP53]. Dr Michael Berridge, The Human Health Aspects of Genetic
Modification. Background paper prepared for the Royal Commission of Genetic
Modification, August 2000. James B. Roufs. 1992. Review of L-tryptophan and
eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 92(7). S L
Nightingale. From the Food and Drug Administration. Journal of the American Medical
Association. Vol 268, Num 14, 1992. S Naylor et al. Structural characterisation of case-
associated contaminants peak C and FF in L-tryptophan implicated in eosinophilia-
myalgia syndrome. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology. Vol 467, 1999. B L
Williamson et al. On-line HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of contaminants of
L-tryptophan associated with the onset of the eosinophilia- myalgia syndrome. Toxicology
Letters. Vol 92 Num 2, 1997. K Klarskov et al. Structural characterization of the
contaminant in L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. 2000. See:
http://www.mayo.edu/mass-spec/publicatons/asms00/klarskov2000asms.pdf;
Neurotransmitters. www.pharmcentral.com/neurotransmitters.html; www.santamonica­
doctors.com/patient_info/nutrition_supplements/melatonin.html for the article: Melatonin.
Does it really help you sleep?
2 Mere McGarvey (Tuhoe), 17 February 2001. Gisborne regional hui. Te Poho-o-Rawiri
Marae, Gisborne. Transcript.
3 New Zealand Life Sciences [IP24]. Evidence of Professor Klaus Ammann, 1 November
2000. Transcript of proceedings: 879-880.
4 Robert Anderson. Called by Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics, New
Zealand [IP107]. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para H8.
5 GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and Environment [IP63]. Evidence of Dr Mae-
wan Ho, 30 January 2001. Transcript of proceedings: 3071-3072.
6 Dr Mae-wan Ho. Called by GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and Environment
[IP63]. Witness brief: Executive Summary, para ES6.14.
7 Dr E Ann Clark. Called by Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Witness brief:
sB(c)(ii), para 40.
8 Dr Robin Ord. Called by Pesticide Action Network New Zealand [IP87]. Witness brief:
sB(b), para 13.
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9 Dr Daniel Cohen. Called By HortResearch [IP5]. Witness brief: sB(b), para 26.
10 Dr Daniel Cohen: sB(b), para 28.
11 Whangarei. 16 November 2000. Public meeting workshop summary card.
12 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(e), para 5.
13 Dr Deborah Read. Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms
ERMA New Zealand Generic Issues Report. Environmental Risk Management Authority
(ERMA), Wellington, New Zealand. December 2000: page 15.
14 Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment (ACRE), Department of the
Environment, Transport and Regions, UK. Guidance on Best Practice in the Design of
Genetically Modified Crops ­ Discussion Paper. London, 23 October 2000: para 4.2.
www.environment.detr.gov.uk/acre/index.htm
15 Dr Deborah Read. Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms
ERMA New Zealand Generic Issues Report. December 2000: page 79.
Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment (ACRE), Department of the
Environment, Transport and Regions, UK. Guidance on Best Practice in the Design of
Genetically Modified Crops ­ Discussion Paper. London, 23 October 2000: para 4.5c.
16 Dr Brian Goodwin. Called by Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51]. Witness brief: Executive
Summary, para IV.
17 Dr Brian Goodwin: Executive Summary, para V.
18 Dr Neil Macgregor. Called by Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics [IP107].
Witness brief: sB(j)(ii), para 2.
19 Dr Deborah Read. Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms.
ERMA New Zealand Generic Issues Report. December 2000: page 38.
20 Dr Deborah Read: page 39.
21 World Health Organization. Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin. Report of
a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology. Geneva,
29 May-2 June 2000: page 11.
22 Robert G. Anderson. Called by Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics [IP107].
Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para H4.
23 Dr Deborah Read. Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms.
ERMA New Zealand Generic Issues Report. December 2000: page 37.
24 Dr Rob Lake and Peter Cressey. Current Awareness of Genetically Modified Food Issues. Project
F99. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited: Christchurch Science
Centre, March 2001: page 22.
25 Dr Rob Lake and Peter Cressey: page 29.
26 World Health Organization. Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin. Report of
a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology. Geneva,
29 May-2 June 2000: page 11.
27 Professor Liam Donaldson and Sir Robert May. Health Implications of Genetically Modified
Foods. May 1999: para 29.
28 Dr Deborah Read. Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms.
ERMA New Zealand Generic Issues Report. December 2000: page 38.
29 Dr Deborah Read: page 38.
30 World Health Organization. Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin. Report of
a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology. Geneva,
29 May-2 June 2000: page 11.
31 Dr Michael Berridge. The Human Health Aspects of Genetic Modification. Background paper
prepared for the Royal Commission of Genetic Modification, August 2000: page 11.
32 New Zealand Life Sciences [IP24]. Closing submission of Interested Person [CL IP24]:
page 20-21.
33 Dr Michael Berridge. The Human Health Aspects of Genetic Modification. Background paper
prepared for the Royal Commission of Genetic Modification, August 2000: page 7.
34 Dr Deborah Read. Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms.
ERMA New Zealand Generic Issues Report. December 2000: page 39.
35 Dr Deborah Read: page 38.
36 Professor Klaus Ammann. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness
brief: sB(n).
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37 Information drawn from:
Dr Beatrix Tappeser, called by Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Professor
Klaus Ammann, called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Pacific Institute of
Resource Management [IP84], Interested Person submission.
38 Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(i),
para 105-106.
39 New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Evidence of Professor Klaus Ammann in
cross-examination, 1 November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 909.
40 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Interested Person submission: sB(c), para
39-40.
41 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand: sB(c), para 53-54.
42 Dr Mae-wan Ho. Called by GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and Environment
[IP63]. Witness brief: Executive Summary, para ES6.10.
43 Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment (ACRE), Department of the
Environment, Transport and Regions, UK. Guidance on Best Practice in the Design of
Genetically Modified Crops ­ Discussion Paper. London, 23 October 2000: para 3.6.
44 Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment (ACRE): para 3.2
45 Suzie Peek. Public submission.
46 Dr David Suzuki. Called by Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51]. Witness brief: Executive
Summary, para 6.
47 Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics [IP107]; Greenpeace New Zealand
[IP82]; Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]; Friends of the Earth [IP78];
Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51]; Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84].
48 M Rees, D D Kohn, R S Hails, S L Brown, M J Crawley. Transgenic Crops in Natural
Habitats. Nature. Vol 409, 8 February 2001: pages 682-683.
49 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Interested Person submission: sB(c), para
2.11.
50 Information drawn from:
Professor John Mattick, called by Auckland UniServices [IP23]. Dr E. Ann Clark, called by
The Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Dr Doreen Stabinsky, called by
Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Professor Neal Stewart, called by New Zealand Life
Sciences Network [IP24] and New Zealand Vegetable and Potato Growers' Federation/
New Zealand Fruitgrowers' Federation/New Zealand Berryfruit Growers' Federation
[IP75]. Dr Louise Malone, called by HortResearch [IP5]. Bt Plant-Pesticides Biopesticides
Registration Action Document. Submitted by New Zealand Life Sciences Network
[IP24], 1 November 2000. Pimental D. S & Raven P. H. Bt corn pollen impacts on non-
target Lepidoptera: assessment of effects in nature (commentary). Proceedings of the National
Academy of Science. USA. Vol. 97 2000: 8198-8199. National Research Council (US).
Committee on Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plants. Genetically Modified Pest-
Protected Plants: Science and Regulation. National Academy Press: Washington DC: 2000.
51 Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society, Nelson/Tasman Branch [IP43]. Evidence of
Jocelyn Bieleski, 8 February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 3448.
52 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: Sect. 4, para 4.3(iv).
53 Dr Beatrix Tappeser. Called by Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Witness
brief: sB(b), para 14.
54 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(i), para 13.
55 Dr John Clearwater. Called by Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics [IP107].
Witness brief: Executive Summary, para 4.
56 Canterbury Commercial Organics Group [IP65]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para
4.5.
57 Landcare Research [IP12]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 6.
58 Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51]. Evidence of Allen Fricker, 14 December 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 2477.
59 Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Evidence from Dr Morgan
Williams in cross-examination, 28 February, 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4348.
60 Dr Roger Wilkinson. Called by Landcare Research [IP12]. Witness brief: sB(j), para 110.
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61 Royal Society of New Zealand [IP77]. Evidence of Professor George Petersen, 24 January
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2697.
62 Interchurch Committee on Genetic Engineering [IP49]. Evidence of Dr Audrey Jarvis, 21
February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 3924.
63 Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 2.
64 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Interested Person submission: sB(d), para 7.
65 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), Summary, para 2.
66 Friends of the Earth [IP78]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 1.1.
67 New Zealand Biotechnology Association [IP47]. Evidence of Dr Max Kennedy in cross-
examination, 23 January 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2529.
68 New Zealand Biotechnology Association [IP47]. Transcript of proceedings: page 2530.
69 New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Closing submission of Interested Person [CL
IP24]: page 10.
70 Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Evidence of Dr Mark Lonsdale,
28 February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4309.
71 Dr Mark Lonsdale. Called by Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70].
Witness brief: sB(b), para 19(v).
72 New Zealand Association of Scientists [IP92]. Interested Person submission: Executive
Summary, para 5.5.
73 Professor Terje Traavik. Called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Witness brief:
Executive Summary.
74 Association of Crown Research Institutes [IP22]. Interested Person submission: sB(b), para 6.
75 Dr Mark Lonsdale. Called by Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70].
Witness brief: sB(b), para 27.
76 McGuinness and Associates. Public submission.
77 Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 22.
78 New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Interested Person submission: sB(c)(i), para 5-6.
79 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Interested Person submission: sB(c), para 17.8.
80 Dr Mark Lonsdale. Called by Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70].
Witness brief: sB(b), para 33.
81 Federation of Maori Authorities [IP69]. Interested Person submission: sB(b), para 2.
82 New Zealand Association of Scientists [IP92]. Evidence of Dr Michael Berridge, 24
January 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2630.
83 Royal Society of New Zealand [IP77b]. Evidence of Rosemary Du Plessis, 24 January
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2693.
84 Dr Lynn Frewer. Called by New Zealand Institute of Crop and Food Research. [IP4].
Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 23.
85 Dr Michael Berridge. The Human Health Aspects of Genetic Modification. Background paper
prepared for the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, August 2000: page 3.
86 Dr Daniel Cohen. Called by Horticulture and Food Research Institute [IP5]. Witness
brief: sB(b), para 4.
87 Risk = Hazard + Outrage: A formula for Effective Risk Communication (Video). Peter M.
Sandman. Princeton University, New Jersey, 2000.
Chapter 5: Economic and strategic issues
1 Association of Crown Research Institutes [IP22]. Interested Person submission: sB(i),
Summary, para 1.
2 New Zealand Biotechnology Association [IP47]. Interested Person submission: sB(j), para 3.
3 Te Puni Kokiri [PS1883] submission: sB(j)(iii), para 31.
4 Professor Caroline Saunders. Called by Organic Product Exporters Group [IP53]. Witness
brief: Executive Summary, para 6.
5 New Zealand Council of Trade Unions [IP95]. Interested Person submission: Submission
description.
6 New Zealand Council of Trade Unions: sB(k), para 3.7.5.
7 The Royal Society of New Zealand [IP77b]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 16.
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8 Dr Hugh Campbell. Submission to IBAC. 3 March, 2000. No First Release? An Evaluation
Of Current Research Pertaining To The Potential First Release Of GMO's In New Zealand Food
Production. Attachment referred to in Witness brief. On behalf of Organic Products
Exporters Group [IP53]. Page 5.
9 Dr Hugh Campbell: page 6.
10 New Zealand Vegetable and Potato Growers' Federation/New Zealand Fruitgrowers'
Federation/New Zealand Berryfruit Growers' Federation [IP75]. Evidence of Pete
Silcock, 29 November. Transcript of Proceedings: pages 1705­1706.
11 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Evidence from Warren Larsen in cross-examination, 20
November 2000. Transcript of Proceedings: page 1188.
12 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Evidence from Dr Kevin Marshall in cross-examination,
20 November 2000. Transcript of Proceedings: page 1188.
13 John Yeabsley. Called by the New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Witness brief: sA(1), para
50­52.
14 New Zealand Wool Board [IP30]. Interested Person submission: sB(i), para 9.
15 Dr Janice Wright. The Economics of Genetic Modification. Background paper prepared for the
Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, Wellington, August 2000.
16 Dr Alex Sundakov. Called by New Zealand Wool Board [IP30]. Witness brief: sB(j)(iii),
para 39-40.
17 Dr Alex Sundakov: sB(j)(iii), para 57
18 The New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Interested Person submission: sB(c), para 17.11.
19 Association of Crown Research Institutes [IP22]. Interested Person submission: sB(c),
Summary, para 1.
20 New Zealand Forest Research Institute [IP2]. Interested Person submission: sB(l), Summary.
21 Commonsense Organics [IP66]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 3.
22 Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society, Marlborough Branch [IP40].Interested Person
submission: sB(i), Summary.
23 The Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP87]. Interested Person submission: sB(i),
para 30.
24 Toko Te Kaui (Nga Tamanuhiri), 17 February 2001. Gisborne regional hui. Te Poho-o-
Rawiri Marae. Transcript.
25 Teremoana Jones (Nga Puhi), 6­8 April 2001. National hui. Turangawaewae Marae,
Ngaruawahia. Transcript.
26 Poihaere Morris (Ngati Awa). 2 December 2000. Rotorua regional hui. Tamatekapua
Marae, Rotorua. Transcript: page 4.
27 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(c)(i), para 1.
28 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu: sB(j)(ii), para 32
29 Zelka Grammer. Called by the Bio Dynamic Farming and Gardening Association in New
Zealand [IP61]. Witness brief: Executive Summary, para 6.
30 Dr Hugh Campbell. Called by Organic Product Exporters Group [IP53]. Witness brief:
sB(k), para 9.
31 ZESPRI International [IP46]. Interested Person submission: sB(c), summary.
32 Dr Janice Wright. The Economics of Genetic Modification. Background paper prepared for the
Royal Commission on Genetic modification, Wellington, August 2000.
33 Dr Adolf Stroombergen. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness
brief: sB(m), Section 5.3, para 6.
34 A2 Corporation [IP26]. Evidence of David Parker, 30 October 2000. Transcript of
proceedings: page 723.
35 Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand [IP79]. Interested Person
submission: sA(1), para 17.
36 Nelson GE Free Awareness Group [IP100]. Interested Person submission: sB(i) summary,
para 292.
37 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(i), para 4.
38 Dr Caroline Saunders. Called by Organic Products Exporters Group [IP53]. Witness brief:
sB(h), para 19.
39 New Zealand AgriTech [IP73]. Evidence from Colin Harvey in cross-examination, 28
November, 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1656.
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40 Dr Hugh Campbell. Submission to IBAC. 3 March, 2000. No First Release? A Evaluation Of
Current Research Pertaining To The Potential First Release Of GMO's In New Zealand Food
Production. Attachment referred to in Witness brief. On behalf of Organic Products
Exporters Group [IP53]. Page 8.
41 Maori Congress [IP103]. Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 5.
42 Friends of the Earth [IP78]. Interested Person submission: sB(c)(i), para 1.1.
43 Michael Rosser. Called by New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association [IP54]. Witness
brief: sB(n), para 150.
44 Angeline Ngahina Greensill (Tainui), 6­8 April 2001. National hui. Turangawaewae
Marae, Ngaruawahia. Transcript.
45 Whangarei. 16 November 2000. Public meeting workshop summary card.
Chapter 6: Research
1 Report of the Working Party on Novel Genetic Techniques, 1978.
2 Advisory Committee on Novel Genetic Techniques, 1994: 2.
3 Professor A. Richard Bellamy. The Clinical and Research Use of Human Genetic Material:
Guidelines for Ethical, Cultural and Scientific Assessment. Final Report to the Health Research
Council Ethics Committee, Health Research Council: December 1995: page 52.
4 Professor A. Richard Bellamy: page 4.
5 Dr Richard Newcombe. Called by HortResearch [IP5]. Witness brief: Executive Summary,
para 10.
6 Dr Phil Cowan. Called by Landcare Research [IP12]. Witness brief: Executive Summary,
para 13.
7 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification in New Zealand. Appendix 1,
section 2.3: Genetic modification technology and its use in New Zealand.
8 Human Genetics Society of Australasia [IP59]. Evidence of Professor Ingrid Winship. 25
January 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2842.
9 University of Auckland [IP16]. Evidence of Professor Garth Cooper. 25 October 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 479.
10 Dr Graham Wallis. Called by University of Otago [IP19]. Witness brief: sB(a), Summary
para 1.
11 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification. Appendix 3, s6. Analysis of
Public Opinion Survey: Table 6.1.
12 Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited [IP11]. Interested Person
submission: Executive Summary, para 5.3 & sB(i), para 3 & sB(j)(iii), para 3-4.
13 New Zealand Wool Board [IP30]. Evidence of Mark O'Grady, 23 November 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 1496.
14 Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited [IP11]. Evidence from Dr Arie
Guersen in cross-examination, 27 October 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 718.
15 Dr Andrew Pearce. Called by Landcare Research [IP12]. Witness brief: Executive
Summary, para 9.
16 Dr Stephen Goldson. Called by AgResearch [IP13]. Witness brief: Executive Summary,
para 5.
17 The University of Auckland [IP16]. Evidence of Professor Garth Cooper. 25 January 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 447­448.
18 Nga Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary.
19 Koanga Gardens Trust [IP72]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), paragraph 20.
20 Nelson GE Free Awareness Group [IP100]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 18.
21 Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics in New Zealand [IP107]. Interested
Person submission: sA(1), Summary.
22 Friends of the Earth [IP78]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 1.2.
23 Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics in New Zealand [IP107]. Interested
Person submission: sB(n) Summary, para 1.
24 Dr Robin Ord. Called by the Pesticide Action Network New Zealand [IP87]. Witness
brief: sB(b), paras 1, 4­6.
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25 Dr Deborah Read. Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in Genetically Modified Organisms.
ERMA New Zealand Generic Issues Report. Environmental Risk Management Authority
(ERMA), Wellington, New Zealand. December 2000: page 83.
26 Dr John Fraser. Called by University of Auckland [IP16]. Witness brief: sB(b), para 7.7 and
7.21.
27 A Quick Guide to Delegated Decisions for Low Risk GMO Developments. Environmental Risk
Management Authority, Wellington, New Zealand. February 1999: No. 10.
28 See the Health Research Council website: www.hrc.govt.nz.
29 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Evidence of Dr Basil Walker, 1 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4415.
30 New Zealand Biotechnology Association [IP47]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 2.
31 Emeritus Professor George Petersen. Called by Royal Society of New Zealand [IP77].
Witness brief: Executive Summary, para 5.
32 New Zealand Association of Scientists [IP92], Institute of Molecular Biosciences [IP15],
Auckland Uniservices [IP23], University of Otago [IP19].
33 New Zealand Association of Scientists [IP92], Institute of Molecular Biosciences [IP15],
Auckland Uniservices [IP23], University of Otago [IP19], New Zealand Biotechnology
Association [IP47], New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24], Genesis Research and
Development Corporation Limited [IP11], Royal Society of New Zealand [IP77a],
University of Canterbury [IP7].
34 Royal Society of New Zealand [IP77a]. Interested Person submission: sA(2) para 30.
35 Malaghan Institute of Medical Research [IP10]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para
7.11.
36 University of Otago [IP19]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 16i.
37 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP47]. Interested Person submission: sA(2),
para 8.
38 Professor Alison Stewart. Called by Lincoln University [IP8]. Witness brief: sA2.
39 University of Otago [IP19]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 16(v).
40 New Zealand Association of Scientists [IP92]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 11.
41 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission: sA(2),
para 39.
42 Environmental Risk Management Authority: sA(2), para 41.
43 New Zealand Biotechnology Association [IP47]. Interested Person submission: sA(2) para
14.5.
44 Organic Product Exporters Group [IP53]. Evidence of Zelke Grammer, 6 December 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 2122.
45 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP47]. Interested Person submission: sB(a),
para 7.
46 Aventis CropScience [IP14], Association of Crown Research Institutes [IP22], Federated
Farmers [IP34].
47 New Zealand Vegetable and Potato Growers' Federation/New Zealand Fruitgrowers'
Federation/New Zealand Berryfruit Growers' Federation [IP75]. Interested Person
submission: sA(2), para 1.
48 Ministry for the Environment [IP101]. Evidence of Dr Lin Roberts, 1 March 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4371.
49 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Party submission: sB(n),
para 22.
50 Environmental Risk Management Authority: sB(n), para 39.
51 University of Auckland [IP16]. Evidence of Professor Garth Cooper in cross-examination,
25 October, 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 499.
52 Bevan Tipene Matua (Ngai Tahu, Kahungunu), 24 February, 2001. Christchurch regional
hui. Te Waipounamu House, Christchurch. Transcript.
53 Bleakley v ERMA AP177/00 HC, Wellington 2 May 2001 unreported.
54 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Evidence of Dr Mere Roberts, 1
March 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4431.
55 Environmental Risk Management Authority: page 4433.
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56 University of Otago [IP19]. Evidence from Dr Ian Smith in cross-examination, 25 October
2000. Transcript proceedings: page 545.
57 University of Canterbury [IP7]. Evidence from Dr Andrew Pratt in cross-examination, 27
October 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 681.
58 New Zealand Biotechnology Association [IP47]. Interested Person submission: Executive
Summary, para 8.
59 University of Canterbury [IP7]. Evidence of Dr Andrew Pratt, 27 October 2000. Transcript
of proceedings: page 678.
60 Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited [IP11]. Interested Person
submission: sA(2), para 5.
61 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission: page 3.
62 AgResearch [IP13]. Interested Person Submission: Executive Summary, para 12.
63 Landcare Research [IP12]. Interested Person submission: sB(b), para 50.
64 Dr Stephen Goldson. Called by AgResearch [IP13]. Witness brief: sB(d), para 10.
65 University of Canterbury [IP7]. Evidence from Dr Jack Heinemann in cross-examination,
27 October 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 687.
66 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Interested Person submission: sA(2),
Summary, para 1b.
67 BIO-GRO New Zealand [IP58]. Evidence from Seager Mason in cross-examination,
5 December 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 2064.
68 New Zealand Worm Federation [IP94]. Interested Person submission: Executive summary,
para 4a.
69 Organic Product Exporters Group [IP53]. Interested Person submission: sB(i), para 1.
70 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Interested Person submission: Executive
Summary, para 13.
71 Save Animals From Exploitation (SAFE) [IP85]. Interested Person submission: Executive
Summary, para 13.
72 Landcare Research [IP12]. Interested Person submission: sB(b), para 116.
73 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission: A(2),
para 48.
74 AgResearch [IP13]. Interested Person submission: sB(b), para 11.
75 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Interested Person submission: Executive
Summary, para 14.
Chapter 7: Crops and other field uses
1 Community Affairs References Committee. A Cautionary Tale: Fish Don't Lay Tomatoes. A
Report on the Gene Technology Bill 2000. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. November
2000: page 14.
2 Community Affairs References Committee: page 15.
3 Dr Hugh Campbell. Submission to IBAC. 3 March, 2000. No First Release? An Evaluation
Of Current Research Pertaining To The Potential First Release Of GMO's In New Zealand Food
Production. Attachment referred to in Witness brief. On behalf of Organic Products
Exporters Group [IP53]. Page 20.
4 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission: page 2.
5 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission: page 5.
6 James C Preview. Global review of commercialised transgenic crops: 1999. ISAAA Brief No. 12,
1999 cited in Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission.
7 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission: page 5.
8 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission: page 6.
9 Community Affairs References Committee: page 15.
10 A major pasture pest which retards grass growth by attacking the roots.
11 New Zealand Vegetable and Potato Growers' Federation/New Zealand Fruitgrowers'
Federation/New Zealand Berryfruit Growers' Federation [IP75]. Interested Person
submission: sB(a), para 5.
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12 Dr Adolf Stroombergen. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness
brief: sB(m), para 2.4.
13 Federated Farmers of New Zealand [IP34]. Evidence of Peter Corish, 22 November 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 1403­1404.
14 Federated Farmers of New Zealand [IP34]. Transcript of proceedings: page 1403.
15 Peter Corish. Called by Federated Farmers of New Zealand [IP34]. Witness brief: sA(1),
paras 8­9.
16 Professor Klaus Ammann. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness
brief: sB(n), Sect. 2.4.
17 Dr E Ann Clark. Environmental Risks of Genetic Engineering in Field Crops. 28 July 1998.
NAEC workshop: Factoring in the Environment for Decisions on Biotechnology in
Agricultural Production. Ottawa, Canada.
18 New Zealand Association of Scientists [IP92]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(ii), para 5.
19 Crawley M J, S L Brown, R S Hails, D D Kohn and M Rees. Transgenic crops in natural
habitats. Nature. Vol. 409, 8 February, 2001: page 682­683.
20 Bio Dynamic Farming and Gardening Association in New Zealand [IP61]. Evidence of
Percy Schmeiser, 5 December 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1984.
21 Nelson GE Free Awareness Group [IP100]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 23.
22 Dr Beatrix Tappeser. Called by Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Witness
brief: sB(j)(ii), para 54.
23 Dr Anthony Conner. Called by New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research [IP4].
Witness brief: sB(j)(ii), para 58.
24 Crawley M J, S L Brown, R S Hails, D D Kohn and M Rees. Transgenic crops in natural
habitats. Nature. Vol. 409, 8 February, 2001: page 682­683.
25 Robert MacDonald. Called by Aventis CropScience [IP14]. Witness brief: sB(j)(ii), para 20.
26 Hardell L and Eriksson M A. Case-Control Study of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and
Exposure to Pesticides. Cancer. Vol 85, 15 March 1999: page 1353.
27 Lavern Affleck. Called by Bio Dynamic Farming and Gardening Association in New
Zealand [IP61]. Witness brief: Executive Summary, para 9.
28 New Zealand Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Evidence of Warwick Green, 27
November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1611.
29 Neil Barton. Called by New Zealand Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Witness brief:
sB(e), para 4.
30 New Zealand Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Evidence of Neil Barton, 22
November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1400.
31 Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Evidence of Dr Morgan
Williams, 28 February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4362.
32 J M Bradley. Form 4 Application to field test genetically modified Petunia. Prepared for
The Environmental Risk Management Authority. New Zealand Institute for Crop and
Food Research Limited: August 1998: page 8­9.
33 New Zealand Vegetable and Potato Growers' Federation, New Zealand Fruit Growers
Federation and New Zealand Berryfruit Growers Federation [IP75]. Interested Person
submission: sA(2), para 3.
34 Comvita New Zealand [IP74]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 1.
35 Comvita New Zealand [IP74]. Interested Person submission: sB(c)(ii), para 3.
36 Dr Doreen Stabinsky. Called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Witness brief: sB(b),
Sect. 2, para 5.
37 Dr Derek Woodfield. Called by AgResearch [IP13]. Witness brief: sB(j)(ii), para 14.
38 Jane Lorimer. Called by National Beekeepers Association of New Zealand, Poverty Bay
Branch [IP62]. Witness brief: sB(c)(ii), para 2b.
39 Dr Phillip Salisbury. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness brief:
sB(h), Part 1, para 4.
40 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission: page 4.
41 Dr Patrick Moore. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness brief:
Executive Summary, page 1.
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42 Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited [IP11]. Interested Person
submission: sB(c)(i), para 2.1­2.2.
43 "Wilding pines" are pine trees that spring up uninvited. www.doc.govt.nz
44 Forest Research Institute [IP2]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(ii).
45 Dr Patrick Moore. Called by Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness brief: sB(h), para 25.
46 Dr Doreen Stabinsky. Called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Witness brief: sB(c)(ii),
Sect. 3, para 16.
47 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(ii), para 28.
48 Landcare Research [IP12]. Interested Person submission: sB(a), para 105.
49 Dr Andrew Shenk. Called by Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited
[IP11]. Witness brief: sB(j)(ii), para 1.
50 New Zealand Maori Council [IP105]. Evidence of Maanu Paul, 26 February, 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4135.
51 A new expensive drug currently used to treat advanced ovarian cancer.
52 Dr Jeremy Levin. Called by Auckland UniServices Limited [IP23]. Witness brief: sB(h),
para 7.20.
53 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Evidence of Jeanette Fitzsimons, 15 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4906.
54 Dr Robert Welch. Called by New Zealand Cooperative Dairy Company [IP88]. Witness
Brief: sB(b), para 7.9.2.
55 Dr Robert Welch. Witness Brief: sB(b), para 7.11.
56 Professor A. Richard Bellamy. The Current Uses of Genetic Modification. Background paper
prepared for the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, August 2000.
57 Basil Wakelin. Called by Biotenz [IP25]. Witness brief: sB(a), para 6.3.
58 Bleakley v ERMA AP177/00 HC, Wellington 2 May 2001 unreported.
59 Peter Stevenson and Joyce D'Silva. Modern Breeding Technologies and the Welfare of Farm
Animals. Appendix Nine: Save Animals From Exploitation (SAFE) [IP85] Interested
Person submission: page 2.
60 Save Animals From Exploitation (SAFE) [IP85]. Interested Person submission: sB(n),
para 242.
61 Save Animals From Exploitation (SAFE) [IP85]: sB(k), para 226.
62 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Evidence of Jeanette Fitzsimons, 1
February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2397.
63 Landcare Research [IP12]. Interested Person submission: sB(h), para 161.
64 Possum and Bovine Tuberculosis National Science Strategy Committee [PS2400]. Public
submission.
65 Information drawn from:
Dr David Heath, called by New Zealand Association of Scientists [IP92]. Roger
Wilkinson, called by Landcare Research [IP12]. Dr Phil Cowan, called by Landcare
Research [IP12].
66 Dr Morgan Williams, Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Witness
Brief: sB(k), para 7.
67 Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society [IP79]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(ii),
para 87.
68 Possum and Bovine Tuberculosis National Science Strategy Committee [PS2400]. Public
submission.
69 Dr Morgan Williams, Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Witness
Brief: sB(k), para 10.
70 Roger Wilkinson. Called by Landcare Research [IP12]. Witness brief: sB(j), Summary,
para 24.
71 Dr Morgan Williams, Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Witness
Brief: sB(k), para 11.
72 Roger Wilkinson. Called by Landcare Research [IP12]. Witness brief: sB(j)(ii), para 92.
73 BIO-GRO New Zealand [IP58]. Evidence of Gary Goldberg, 5 December 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 2027.
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74 Dr Elaine Ingham. Called by Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Witness brief:
Executive Summary, para 4.
75 Department of Conservation/Ministry for the Environment. The New Zealand Biodiversity
Strategy. Wellington, March 2000: page 6.
76 The New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy: page 15.
77 The New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy: Executive Summary.
78 The New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy: Executive Summary.
79 The Royal Society (UK). Transgenic plants and world agriculture. The Royal Society (UK).
London, July 2000.
80 Bio-What? Addressing the Effects of Private Land Management on Indigenous Biodiversity.
Preliminary Report of the Ministerial Advisory Committee. Ministry for the Environment,
Wellington, February 2000: page 6.
81 Landcare Research [IP12]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 9.
82 The Royal Society (UK). Transgenic plants and world agriculture. The Royal Society (UK).
London, July 2000 quoted in the Department of Conservation submission: page 10.
83 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification. Appendix 3, s3. Analysis of
Public Submissions.
84 Dr Vandana Shiva. Called by Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Witness
brief: Executive Summary, para 7.
85 Anaradha Mittal. Called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Witness brief: sB(c)(ii), para 20.
86 Anaradha Mittal. Witness brief: sB(c)(ii), para 25.
87 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Interested Person submission: sB(i), para 6.
88 Noel Josephson. Called by Bio Dynamic Gardening and Farming Association in New
Zealand [IP61]. Witness brief: sB(c)(ii).
89 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Interested Person submission: sB(i), para 1.
90 Information provided to the Commission by Peter Kettle, Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry, http://www.gmcommission.govt.nz/
91 Information provided to the Commission by Peter Kettle, Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry, http://www.gmcommission.govt.nz/
92 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, UK. Review of the Use of Separation Distances
Between Genetically Modified and Other Crops. 3 August 2000.
93 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Interested Person submission: sB(m), para 61.6.
94 Dr Phillip Salisbury. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness brief:
sB(h), para 15.
95 Federated Farmers of New Zealand [IP34]. Interested Person submission: sB(i), para 3.
96 Federated Farmers of New Zealand [IP34]: sB(j)(iii), para 6.
97 Neil Barton. Called by New Zealand Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Witness brief:
sB(i), para 3.
98 Dr Hugh Campbell. Called by Organic Products Exporters Group [IP53]. Witness brief:
sB(k), para 16.
99 New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Closing submission of Interested Person [CL
IP24]: page 77.
100 New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Closing submission of Interested Person [CL
IP24]: page 77.
101 Tom Lambie. Called by New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Witness brief: sB(c)(ii), para 6.
102 Advisory Committee on Release to the Environment (ACRE). Guidance on Best Practice in the
Design of Genetically Modified Crops ­ Discussion Paper. London, 23 October 2000. Department
of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK. www.environment.detr.gov.uk/acre/
index.htm
103 Dr Daniel Cohen. Called by HortResearch [IP5]. Witness brief: sB(b), para 6.
104 Neil Barton. Called by Federated Farmers of New Zealand [IP34]. Witness brief: sB(e),
para 6.
105 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, UK. Review of the Use of Separation Distances
Between Genetically Modified and Other Crops. 3 August 2000.
106 Information provided to the Commission by Peter Kettle, Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry, http://www.gmcommission.govt.nz/
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107 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, UK. Review of the Use of Separation Distances
Between Genetically Modified and Other Crops. 3 August 2000.
108 Federated Farmers of New Zealand [IP34]. Evidence of Neil Barton in cross-examination,
22 November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1441.
109 Dr Phillip Salisbury. Called by New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Witness brief:
sB(h), Part 1, para 13.
110 Advisory Committee on Release to the Environment (ACRE). Department of the
Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK. Guidance on Best Practice in the Design of
Genetically Modified Crops ­ Discussion Paper. London, 23 October 2000.
www.environment.detr.gov.uk/acre/index.htm
111 Professor A. Richard Bellamy. The Current Uses of Genetic Modification. Background Paper
prepared for the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification: August 2000: page 19.
112 Professor Martina McGloughlin. Ten Reasons Why Biotechnology Will be Important to
the Developing World. AgBio Forum. Vol 12, No. 3&4: page 168.
113 Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(iii),
para 6.
Chapter 8: Food
1 Information drawn from:
Environmental and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand [IP102], Interested
Person submission and Witness briefs. Ingo Potrykus, Genetic Scientists are Sometimes
Altruistic Against All Odds, in The Golden Rice Tale. At www.lifesciencenz.com. Professor
Brian Jordan. OECD Conference on the Scientific and Health Aspects of Genetically Modified Foods.
A Report Prepared for: The Ministry of Research, Science & Technology. Edinburgh, 28 February ­
1 March 2000. Massey University, April 2000. New Zealand Arable-Food Industry Council
[IP56], Interested Person submission and Witness briefs. New Zealand Life Sciences
Network [IP24], Interested Person submission and Witness briefs. Physicians and
Scientists for Responsible Genetics New Zealand [IP107], Interested Person submission
and Witness briefs.
2 Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51]. Written submission Section (B)(b), para 1.1.
3 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association [IP54]. Interested Person submission: sA(1),
para 16.
4 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association: sA(2), para 7.
5 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association: sB(a), para 2.
6 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association: sB(a), para 5.
7 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Interested Person submission: sB(a), para 13.1.
8 New Zealand Feed Manufacturers Association (Inc), the Poultry Industry Association of
New Zealand (Inc) and the Egg Producers Federation of New Zealand (Inc) [IP35].
Evidence from John Foulds in cross-examination, 28 November 2000. Transcript of
proceedings: page 1686.
9 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association [IP54]. Interested Person submission: sB(a),
para 5.
10 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 4.
11 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification. Appendix 3, s6. Analysis of
Public Opinion Survey: Table 6.18.
12 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification. Appendix 3, s6. Analysis of
Public Opinion Survey: Table 6.19.
13 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification. Appendix 3, s6. Analysis of
Public Opinion Survey: Table 6.20.
14 Information drawn from:
UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: www.maff.gov.uk & US
Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service:
www.aphis.usda.gov.
15 Barbara Godding [PS867]. Public Submission.
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16 Dr Hugh Campbell. Submission to IBAC. 3 March, 2000. No First Release? An Evaluation
Of Current Research Pertaining To The Potential First Release Of GMO's In New Zealand Food
Production. Attachment referred to in Witness brief. On behalf of Organic Products
Exporters Group [IP53]: page 30.
17 Dr Lynn Frewer. Called by Crop & Food Research Ltd [IP4]. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 27.
18 Organic Products Exporters Group [IP53]. Evidence of Dr Hugh Campbell, 6 December
2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 2081.
19 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association [IP54]. Evidence of Brenda Cutress, 27
November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 2079.
20 Dr Lynn Frewer. Called by New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Ltd [IP4].
Witness brief: sB(h), para 5.
21 Dr Lynn Frewer: sB(h), para 11a.
22 New Zealand Veterinary Association [IP28]. Evidence of Dr Lynn Frewer in cross-
examination, 23 November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1482.
23 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4539.
24 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Transcript of proceedings: page 4618.
25 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Transcript of proceedings: pages 4574-
4575.
26 Documents supporting Application to Australia New Zealand Food Authority by Monsanto
Australia Ltd. For the inclusion of Roundup Ready® Soy in Standard A18 ­ Food Derived from
Gene Technology. Application A338. Monsanto Australia Limited: Melbourne, 1999.
27 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4577.
28 Ian Lindenmayer, ANZFA. Letter to the Commission. 28 March 2001.
29 Dr Peter Wills. Called by Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics [IP107],
Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82], Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83], Friends
of the Earth [IP78], Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51] and Pacific Institute of Resource
Management [IP84]. Witness brief: sB(d), Summary.
30 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624] public submission.
31 The submission advised that, at the time of the submission, the members of the Maori
Reference Group were Aroha Mead, Rongo Wirepa, Dr Tania Riddell and Makuini
McKerchar.
32 Nga Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Evidence of Cheryl Smith, 26 February 2001. Transcript
of proceedings: page 4186.
33 Ministry of Health [PS1973] public submission: section 2C, pages 48­54.
34 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [PS3900] public submission: page 9.
35 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association [IP54]. Interested Person submission: sA(2),
para 5.
36 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade [PS1972] public submission.
37 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Evidence of Warren Larsen in cross-examination, 20
November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1146.
38 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Interested Person submission: sB(d), para 23.3.
39 Sue Kedgley MP. Called by Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 1.
40 GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and Environment [IP78]. Interested Person
submission: sB(j)(i), para 4.7.
41 Information drawn from:
Dr Arpad Pusztai and Dr Stanley Ewen, called by Friends of the Earth New Zealand Ltd
[IP78]. Dr Mae-wan Ho, called by GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and
Environment Incorporated [IP63]. Dr Michael Berridge. The Human Health Aspects Of
Genetic Modification. Background paper prepared for the Royal Commission on Genetic
Modification, August 2000. Roberto Verzola (compiler). The Genetic Engineering Debate
(v1.02), GM Foods and Denial of Rights and Choices - Interview with Arpad Pusztai. by S.
Subramanium on: indiaserver.com, also Frontline Volume 17 ­ Issue 22, Oct 28­Nov 10,
2000. National Research Council (US). Committee on Genetically Modified Pest-
Protected Plants. Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plants: Science and Regulation. National
Academy Press: Washington DC: 2000. Dr Brian Jordan, A Report Prepared for the Ministry
Reference
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of Research, Science and Technology on the OECD Conference on the Scientific and Health Aspects of
Genetically Modified Foods, Edinburgh, 28 February­1 March 2000. April 2000.
42 Friends of the Earth [IP78]. Evidence of Dr Arpad Pusztai, 7 February 2001. Transcript of
proceedings: pages 3406-7.
43 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association [IP54]. Evidence of Brenda Cutress, 27
November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1544.
44 Dr Brian Jordan. Called by New Zealand Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Witness
brief: sB(b), para 14.
45 HortResearch [IP5]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(i).
46 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624] public submission.
47 New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO [IP90]. Interested Person submission:
sB(b).
48 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 3.
49 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: pages 4562.
50 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624] public submission.
51 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: pages 4583-4584.
52 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: pages 4581.
53 Information drawn from:
The Royal Society of Canada. Elements of Precaution: Recommendations for the Regulation of
Food Biotechnology in Canada. Prepared at the request of Health Canada, Canadian Food
Inspection Agency and Environment Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, January 2001.
54 Dr Bob Boyd. Chief Advisor Safety and Regulation, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of
Health. Letter in response to Commission question. 14 March 2001.
55 The New Zealand Total Diet Survey (NZTDS) is a periodic survey following a World
Health Organization (WHO) protocol, designed to assess the dietary exposure from the
New Zealand food supply to selected pesticide residues, contaminant elements and
nutrient elements. In the 1997-98 NZTDS, 114 commonly consumed foods were sampled
from four regions over two seasons and these foods were analysed for selected pesticide
residues, contaminant elements and nutrient elements. Typical fortnightly diets for six age/
gender groups were developed, and potential exposures and the health implications of
these intakes were assessed. The age/gender groups included young children 1-3 years,
children 4-6 years, young male, adult male, adult female and a vegetarian female.
56 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624] responses to criticisms raised by
Interested Persons. Assertion Nine: pages 8-9.
57 R Lake and P Cressey. Current Awareness of Genetically Modified Food Issues. A Report prepared
for the Ministry of Health. ESR, Christchurch Science Centre: March 2001.
58 Nelson GE Free Awareness Group [IP100]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(i), para
305.
59 Joanna Gamble. Public Perceptions of Genetic Modification. Background paper prepared for the
Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, August, 2000.
60 Ron Law. Called by National Nutritional Foods Association of New Zealand [IP106].
Witness Brief: Executive Summary, para 10.
61 Ron Law: sB(n), para 1.
62 GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and Environment [IP63]. Interested Person
submission: sB(j)(i), para 9.8.
63 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy. 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4615.
64 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: pages 4631.
65 Pesticide Action Network [IP87]. Evidence of Dr Judy Carman, 29 January 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 2967.
66 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Paul Brent, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4627.
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67 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4547.
68 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. 8 March 2000. Transcript of proceedings:
page 4550.
69 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Paul Brent, 8 March
2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 4556.
70 Documents supporting Application to Australia New Zealand Food Authority by Monsanto
Australia Ltd. For the inclusion of Roundup Ready® Soy in Standard A18 ­ Food Derived from
Gene Technology. Application A338. Monsanto Australia Limited: Melbourne, 1999.
71 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4629.
72 Environment and Conservation Organisations (ECO) [IP102]. Interested Person
submission: sA(2), para 6.
73 Steven M Druker. Called by Nelson GE Free Awareness Group [IP100]. Witness brief:
sB(j)(i), para 2.
74 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Paul Brent, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4597.
75 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4634-4635.
76 GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and Environment [IP100]. Interested Person
submission: sBj(i), para 3.0.
77 Pesticide Action Network [IP87]. Evidence of Dr Judy Carman, 29 January 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 2965.
78 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4546.
79 See the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification website on: www.gmcommision.govt.nz.
80 Pesticide Action Network New Zealand [IP87]. Evidence of Dr Judy Carman, 29 January
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2974.
81 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(i), para 16.
82 The Royal Society of Canada. Elements of Precaution: Recommendations for the Regulation of
Food Biotechnology in Canada. Prepared at the request of Health Canada, Canadian Food
Inspection Agency and Environment Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, January 2001.
83 World Health Organization. Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin. Report of
a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology. Geneva,
29 May-2 June 2000.
84 The Royal Society of Canada. Elements of Precaution: Recommendations for the Regulation of
Food Biotechnology in Canada. Prepared at the request of Health Canada, Canadian Food
Inspection Agency and Environment Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, January 2001: page 179.
85 The Royal Society of Canada: page 181.
86 The Royal Society of Canada: page 182.
87 The Royal Society of Canada: page 191.
88 World Health Organization. Safety aspects of genetically modified foods of plant origin. Report of
a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology. Geneva,
29 May-2 June 2000: page 4.
89 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624] responses to criticisms raised by
Interested Persons. Assertion No. 5, page 5.
90 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy. 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4551.
91 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4602.
92 GE Free New Zealand (RAGE) in Food and Environment Inc [IP63]. Interested Person
submission: sA(1), para 1.2.
93 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Paul Brent, 8 March
2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 4557.
94 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy, 8 March
2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 4588.
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95 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Dr Marion Healy, 8 March
2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 4618.
96 National Nutritional Foods Association of New Zealand [IP06]. Interested Person
submission: Executive summary, para 4.
97 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(i), para 10.
98 Dr Michael Antoniou. Called by The Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83].
Witness brief: Executive Summary, para 5.
99 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4590.
100 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. 8 March 2000. Transcript of proceedings:
page 4592-4593.
Chapter 9: Medicine
1 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification. Appendix 3, s6. Analysis of
Public Opinion Survey: Table 6.20.
2 Report of the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification. Appendix 3, s3. Analysis of
Public Submissions:: Section 3.6. Risks and Benefits: page: 67.
3 Associate Professor Ingrid Winship. Called by Auckland Healthcare Services [IP91].
Witness brief: sB(b), para 2-6.
4 Cystic Fibrosis Association of New Zealand [IP39]. Interested Person submission: sB(b),
Summary.
5 Diabetes Youth New Zealand [IP60]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary,
para 8.
6 Deon York. Called by Haemophilia Foundation of New Zealand Incorporated [IP48].
Witness brief: Executive Summary.
7 Haemophilia Foundation of New Zealand Incorporated [IP48]. Interested Person
submission: sB(c)(i).
8 Dr Sean Devine. The Place of Genetic Technology in New Zealand. Association of Crown
Research Institutes: Wellington, 2000: 15.
9 Dr Parry Guilford. Called by University of Otago [IP19]. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 13(ii).
10 Associate Professor Ingrid Winship. Called by Auckland Healthcare Services Limited
[IP91]. Witness brief: sB(b), para 6.
11 Information drawn from:
Diabetes Youth New Zealand, Interested Person submission [IP60]. Dr Daniel Theibaud,
Dr Ronald Chance and Emeritus Professor R B Elliot, called by Diabetes Youth New
Zealand [IP60]. Researched Medicines Industry Association [IP55]. Dr Michael Berridge,
The Human Health Aspects of Genetic Modification. Background paper prepared for the Royal
Commission on Genetic Modification, August 2000.
12 Malaghan Institute of Medical Research [IP10]. Interested Person submission: sB(c),
Summary.
13 Margaret Nicholls. Called by Cystic Fibrosis Association of New Zealand [IP39]. Witness
brief: sC(i), para A.
14 Jenny and Paul Noble. Called by Lysosomal Diseases New Zealand [IP99]. Witness brief:
sA(1), para 4.
15 Tim Rochford. Te Rununga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 16­17.
16 Nga Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Evidence of Dr Fiona Cram, 26 February 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4199.
17 Des Ratima (Kahungunu, Ngati Porou), 15 December, 2000. Wellington regional hui.
Waiwhetu Marae, Lower Hutt. Transcript.
18 Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83]. Evidence of Jeanette Fitzsimons, 15 March,
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4901.
19 Dr Michael Berridge, The Human Health Aspects of Genetic Modification. Background paper
prepared for the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, August 2000.
20 Dr Glenn Buchan. Called by University of Otago [IP19]. Witness brief: Executive
summary, para 4.
21 Dr Glenn Buchan. Witness brief: Executive summary, para 4.
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22 Dr Michael Godfrey. Called by Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Genetics [IP107].
Witness brief: sB(b), Sect. 2, para 7.
23 University of Auckland [IP16]. Evidence of Professor Garth Cooper, 25 October 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 474.
24 Council of Medical Colleges in New Zealand [IP37]. Interested Person submission:
sB(c)(i), para 3.
25 University of Auckland [IP16]. Interested Person submission: sB(c), Summary, para 7.27.
26 National Testing Centre [IP44]. Evidence of Dr Dianne Webster, 13 December, 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 2389.
27 Dr Christine Morris. Called by Human Genetics Society of Australasia, New Zealand
Branch [IP59]. Witness brief: sB(a), para 1.
28 Maria Tini (Te Arawa, Ngai Tahu), 2 December, 2000. Rotorua regional hui. Tama te
Kapua Marae, Rotorua. Transcript.
29 Maria Tini (Te Arawa, Ngai Tahu), 2 December, 2000. Rotorua regional hui. Tama te
Kapua Marae, Rotorua. Transcript.
30 Dr Jan Bryant (Nga Puhi, Ngati Porou). 10 March, 2001. Auckland regional hui. Orakei
Marae, Orakei. Transcript.
31 Associate Professor Ingrid Winship. Called by Auckland Healthcare Services [IP91]
Witness brief: sB(c).
32 Lysosomal Diseases New Zealand [IP99]. Interested Person submission: sB(h), para 1-2.
33 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Interested Person submission: Executive
Summary, para 9.
34 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]: sB(j)(iv), para 21.
35 Hana Jensen (Tainui), 6-8 April, 2001. National hui. Turangawaewae Marae, Ngaruawahia.
Transcript.
36 Youth Forum. 5 March 2001. Combined wallchart of observations.
37 Associate Professor Richard Squires. Called by New Zealand Veterinary Association
[IP28]. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 14.
38 Associate Professor Richard Squires. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 14.
39 Associate Professor Richard Squires. Witness brief: sB(j)(i), para 14.
40 Dr Tim O'Brien. Farm Animal Genetic Engineering (2nd Ed.). A Report For Compassion In
World Farming Trust: 1998: page 18. Appendix 8, SAFE [IP85] submission.
41 Religious Society of Friends ­ Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP50]. Evidence of Joanna Paul, 22
January 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 3970.
42 Pare Bennett (Atihaunui-a-Paparangi/Muaupoko), 4 November 2000. Wanganui regional
hui. Te Ao Hou Marae, Whanganui. Transcript.
43 See www.medsafe.govt.nz
44 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Evidence of Sue Kedgley, 29 January 2001. Transcript of
proceedings: page 3052.
45 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. Evidence of Ian Lindenmayer, 8 March,
2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4622.
46 Australia New Zealand Food Authority [PS2624]. 8 March 2000. Transcript of proceedings:
page 4623.
47 National Food Authority (Australia). Functional Foods: Policy Discussion Paper. National
Food Authority: Canberra, Australia, July 1994: page 3. Supplied by the New Zealand
Ministry of Health.
48 Dr Ross Clark. Called by Auckland UniServices Limited [IP23]. Witness brief: sB(m), para
7.29.
49 Dr Ross Clark. Witness brief: sB(m) para 7.32.
50 Dr Brian Jordan. Called by New Zealand Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Witness
brief: Executive Summary, para 8.
51 New Zealand Grocery Marketers Association [IP54]. Interested Person submission: sA(1),
Summary, para 13.
52 Dr Bob Boyd. Chief Advisor Safety and Regulation, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of
Health. Letter in response to Commission question. 14 March 2001.
53 Dr Bob Boyd. Chief Advisor Safety and Regulation, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of
Health. Letter in response to Commission question. 14 March 2001.
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54 New Zealand Veterinary Association [IP28]. Interested Person submission: sA(1) Summary,
para 4.
55 New Zealand Veterinary Association [IP28]. Evidence of Professor Bill Manktelow, 23
November 2000. Transcript of proceedings: page 1446.
56 New Zealand Veterinary Association [IP28]. Transcript of proceedings: page 1447.
57 Dr Kenneth McNatty. Called by AgResearch [IP13]. Witness brief: sB(a), para 10.
58 Dr Kenneth McNatty. Witness brief: Executive Summary, para 7.
59 Meat New Zealand [IP31]. Interested Person submission: sB(c)(i), para 2.
60 New Zealand Veterinary Association [IP28]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 11.
61 Professor Terje Traavik. Called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82], Friends of the Earth
[IP78] and Environment and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand [IP102].
Witness brief: sB(b), para 26.
62 Professor Terje Traavik. Witness brief: sB(b), para 27.
63 New Zealand Veterinary Association [IP28]. Interested Person submission: sA(1), para 14.
64 New Zealand Veterinary Association [IP28]: sA(2), para 4.
65 Geraldine Gardner. Ministry for the Environment. Letter to the Commission. 28 May
2001.
Chapter 10: Intellectual property
1 Golden Bay Organic Employment and Education Trust [IP104]. Interested Person
submission: sB(f).
2 New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Interested Person submission: sB(f),
para 4.
3 New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]: sB(d), para 6.6.
Standing Committee on Primary Industires and Regional Services. Work in Progress: Proceed
With Caution, Primary Producer Access to Gene Technology. House of Representatives,
Canberra, June 2000: page 95.
4 New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Interested Person submission: sB(f),
para 10.
5 Jones, C.I. Was an Industrial Revolution Inevitable? Economic Growth Over the Very Long Run.
SIEPR Discussion Paper No. 99-30. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research,
Stanford University. Stanford, California, U.S.A.: 2000. Stern, S., Porter, M.E., and J.L.
Furman. The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity. Working Paper 7876. National
Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) . Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: 2000.
6 Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), 1967.
7 s17 Patents Act 1953.
8 UPOV from the French Union internationale pour le protection des obtentions végétale.
9 Diamond v Chakrabarty 447 US 303(1980).
10 s698 Niue Act 1996, s635 Cook Islands Act 1915.
11 Washington, 1970, 1979, 1984 and see ss26A ­ 26H Patents Act 1953.
12 Monsanto v Stauffer Chemical Co (No1)(1984) 1 NZIPR 518, partial report in [1984] FSR
589; Smith, Kline & French Laboratories Ltd v AG & Douglas Pharmaceuticals Ltd (Wellington
CP67/87, 6 September 1988) (Jeffries J.).
13 World Trade Organization. www.wto.org/english/tvatop._e/trips_e/intel2_e.htm.
14 Dr Ulrich Loening. Called by Koanga Gardens Trust Inc. [IP72]. Witness brief:
sA(1), Sect. 5.
15 Dr Vandana Shiva. Called by Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Witness
brief: sB(h), Summary.
16 Dr Vandana Shiva. Witness brief: sB(l), para 96.
17 Friends of the Earth (New Zealand) [IP78]. Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 1.41.
18 Professor Jonathon King. Called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Witness brief: sB(f),
para 13.
19 Professor Jonathon King. Witness brief: sB(f), para 15.
20 Professor Jonathon King. Witness brief: sB(f), para 15.
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21 Doug Calhoun. Called by New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Witness
brief: sB(f), para 9.2.
22 Doug Calhoun. Witness brief: sB(f), para 9.4.
23 Doug Calhoun. Witness brief: sB(f), para 9.6.
24 Doug Calhoun. Witness brief: sB(f), para 9.7.
25 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]. Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 31.3.
26 New Zealand Dairy Board [IP67]: sB(f), para 31.4.
27 Doug Calhoun. Called by New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Witness
brief: sB(f), para 6.2.
28 Doug Calhoun. Witness brief: sB(f), para 9.3.
29 Doug Calhoun. Witness brief: sB(f), para 6.5.
30 New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Interested Person submission: sB(f),
para 10.6.
31 Doug Calhoun. Called by New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Witness
brief: sB(f), para 10.7.
32 TRIPS Article 27(2).
33 Doug Calhoun. Called by New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Witness
brief: sB(f), para 8.3.5.
34 Professor Jonathon King. Called by Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Witness brief: sB(f),
para 2.
35 Professor Jonathon King. Witness brief: sB(f), para 2.
36 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(e), para 3.
37 Diamond v Chakrabarty 447 US 303(1980).
38 USP 4736866.
39 For example, The Green Party of Aotearoa/New Zealand [IP83], Maori Congress [IP103],
Interchurch Commission on Genetic Engineering [IP49], New Zealand Association of
Scientists [IP92], Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51], Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41].
40 New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Interested Person submission: sB(f),
para 8.2.1.
41 Professor Jonathon King. Called by Greenpeace, New Zealand [IP82]. Witness brief: sB(f),
para 8.
42 Save Animals From Exploitation (SAFE) [IP85]. Interested Person submission: sB(f), para
109.
43 Greenpeace New Zealand [IP82]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 5.
44 New Zealand Maori Council [IP105]. Evidence of Maanu Paul, 27 February, 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4137.
45 A submission to the Commission on behalf of three claimant parties to the WAI 262 claim
made to the Waitangi Tribunal in 1991. This claim is referred to later in this section.
46 WAI 262 claimants, Ngati Wai, Ngati Kuri, Te Rarawa [IP89]. Interested Person
submission: sB(m), Summary.
47 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 3.
48 Sister Makareta RMJ (Atihaunui-a-Paparangi), 4 November 2000. Wanganui hui. Te Ao
Hou Marae. Transcript.
49 WAI 262 claimants, Ngati Wai, Ngati Kuri, Te Rarawa [IP89]. Interested Person
submission: sB(f), Summary, para 1.
50 Cath Brown (Ngai Tahu), 24 February 2001. Christchurch regional hui. Te Waipounamu
House. Transcript.
51 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 11. Biotenz Inc
[IP25]. Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 7.4. Federation of Maori Authorities
[IP69] Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 2. New Zealand Institute of Patent
Attorneys [IP71] Interested Person submission: sB(f), para 13-16.
52 Maori and Trade Marks: A Discussion Paper. Maori Trade Marks Focus Group. Ministry of
Commerce 1997.
53 The Maori Focus Group favoured legislative authority for any consultative group. This
may be the preferred option, but, pending that, a consultation process can be established
administratively.
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54 See Le Roy, A. In Between Biodiversity Conservation and Intellectual Property Rights IATP,
Wageningen University, November 2000.
55 Federation of Maori Authorities [IP69]. Evidence of Mr Morgan, 27 February 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4291.
56 For instance, Peter Wills. Called by WAI 262 claimants, Ngati Wai, Ngati Kuri, Te
Rarawa [IP89]. Witness brief: sB(f), Summary. Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested
Person submission: sA(2), para 6-9. Moana Jackson (Kahungunu), 10 February 2001.
Hastings regional hui. Omahu Pa. Transcript. Makere Harawira. Public Submission. Nga
Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Interested Person submission: sB(c), Summary. Maori
Congress [IP103]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 14-15.
57 Doug Calhoun. Called by the New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Witness
brief: sB(f), para 2.5.7.
58 New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Evidence of Doug Calhoun in cross-
examination, 26 January 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 2947.
59 Pare Bennett (Atihaunui-a-Paparangi/Muaupoko), 4 November 2000. Wanganui regional
hui. Te Ao Hou Marae. Transcript.
60 Pare Bennett (Atihaunui-a-Paparangi/Muaupoko), 4 November 2000. Wanganui regional
hui. Te Ao Hou Marae. Transcript.
61 Tuwhakairiora Williams. Called by Maori Congress [IP103], 27 February 2001. Transcript
of proceedings: page 4229.
62 Tuwhakairiora Williams. Transcript of proceedings: page 4229.
63 New Zealand Life Sciences Network [IP24]. Interested Person submission: sB(n), para
18g. AgResearch [IP13]. Interested Person submission: sB(n), para 43-46.
64 Doug Calhoun. Called by New Zealand Institute of Patent Attorneys [IP71]. Witness
brief: sB(n), para 1.1.
65 Doug Calhoun. Witness brief: sB(n), para 1.4.
Chapter 11: Te Tiriti o Waitangi
1 Copies were subsequently taken around the country over the next seven months for further
signatures to be added. Office of Treaty Settlements. Healing the Past, Building the Future:
A Guide to Treaty of Waitangi Claims and Direct Negotiations with the Crown. Wellington,
October, 1999: page 9.
2 See the website: www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/about/treat.html. "Introduction to the
Treaty." The English and Maori texts of the Treaty are set out at p. 375-379 of this Report.
See also Appendix 1.
3 Justice Durie (then Chief Judge of the Maori Land Court). Understanding the Treaty.
Seminar paper presented to the New Zealand Law Society. April 1989.
4 New Zealand Maori Council v. Attorney-General [1987] 1 NZLR 641, 664 (Lands).
5 See the Reports of the Waitangi Tribunal, for example, for a history of these developments.
6 Cheryl Smith (Ngati Apa, Te Aitanga a Hauiti), 4 November, 2000. Wanganui regional
hui. Te Ao Hou Marae, Wanganui. Transcript. New Zealand Maori Council [IP105].
Evidence of Maanu Paul, 26 February, 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4129. Nga
Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Evidence of Leonie Pihama, 26 February, 2001. Transcript
of proceedings: page 4172.
7 Nga Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Interested Person submission: sB(d), Summary.
8 Maori Congress [IP103]. Interested Person submission: sB(b), Summary, para 11. Te
Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB(g), para 5. Canterbury
Commercial Organics Group [IP65]. Evidence of Tremaine Barr, 23 February 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4024. Nga Wahine Tiaki o te Ao [IP64]. Evidence of
Angeline Ngahina Greensill, 26 February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 4179.
9 Moana Jackson (Kahungunu), 10 February, 2001. Hastings regional hui. Omahu Pa,
Fernhill. Transcript.
10 Commissioner of Inland Revenue v. Medical Council of New Zealand [1997] 2 NZLR 297, 327
­331.
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11 A2 Corporation [IP26]. Closing submission of Interested Person [CL IP26]: pages 12 and
13.
12 New Zealand Wool Board [IP30]. Interested Person submission: sB(g), Summary.
13 Bleakley v ERMA AP177/00 HC, Wellington 2 May 2001 unreported.
14 Pacific Institute of Resource Management [IP84]. Interested Person submission: sB(g),
para 76.
15 Maori Congress [IP103]. Interested Person submission: sB(g). Environmental Risk
Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 47.
16 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sB (g), para 5.
Maori Congress [IP103]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 6.
Federation of Maori Authorities [IP69]. Interested Person submission: sB(j)(iv), para 2.
Enivronmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission: sB(g),
para 8. Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sB(g), para 1.
17 Maori Congress [IP103]. Interested Person submission: Executive Summary, para 6.
Enivronmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission: sB(g),
para 8. Manukau City. 14 November 2000. Public meeting workshop summary card.
18 Safe Food Campaign [IP86]. Interested Person submission: sB(g), para 4.
19 New Zealand Wool Board [IP30]. Interested Person submission: sB(g), Summary.
20 Arable-Food Industry Council [IP56]. Interested Person submission: sB(g), Summary.
21 See for instance New Zealand Maori Council v. Attorney-General [1994] 1 NZLR 513, 517
(Broadcasting Assets case). There are now a number of statements from the Courts and the
Waitangi Tribunal about these matters which are helpfully outlined in the public
submission from Te Puni Kokiri [PS1883] (28 November 2000).
22 New Zealand Maori Council v. Attorney-General [1987] 1 NZLR 641 (Lands), and Te Puni
Kokiri submission above.
23 New Zealand Maori Council v. Attorney-General [1990] 2 NZLR 142, 152 (Forests).
24 Wellington International Airport Ltd. v. Air New Zealand [1993] 1 NZLR 671.
25 New Zealand Maori Council v. Attorney-General [1987] 1 NZLR 641, 683 (Lands) Justice
Richardson.
26 New Zealand Maori Council v. Attorney-General [1987] 1 NZLR 641, 683 (Lands) Justice
Richardson.
27 John Aspinall. Called by Federated Farmers [IP34]. Witness brief: sA(2), para 10.
University of Canterbury [IP7]. Evidence of Dr Andrew Pratt, 27 October, 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 675.
28 Nga Kaihautu Tikanga Taiao Maori Advisory Committee (Environmental Risk Management
Authority [IP76]). Evidence from Dr Mere Roberts in cross-examination, 1 March 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4432.
29 Moana Jackson (Kahungunu), 10 February 2001. Hastings hui. Omahu Pa, Fernhill.
Transcript.
30 Moana Jackson (Kahungunu), 10 February 2001. Hastings hui. Omahu Pa, Fernhill.
Transcript.
31 Carter Holt Harvey/Fletcher Challenge Forests [IP17]. Environment, Health and Safety
Report, 2000: page 19.
32 Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Interested Person submission:
sB(g), para 69.
33 For instance the Ministry for the Environment has published in this area.
34 Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu [IP41]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 5.
35 Judgment of Justice McGechan at page 27.
36 Judgment of Justice McGechan at page 23.
37 Barton-Prescott v. Director-General of Social Welfare [1997] 3 NZLR 179, 184.
Chapter 12: Liability issues
1
s 117(1) & (2) HSNO.
2
s 117(2) HSNO.
3
s 109(1)(c) & (d) HSNO.
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4
New Zealand Life Sciences Network. Closing submission of Interested Person [CL IP24]:
para 7.16.
5
s 314 Resource Management Act.
6
Professor Stephen Todd. Liability issues involved, or likely to be involved now or in the future, in
relation to the use, in New Zealand, of genetically modified organisms or products. 27 April 2001.
7
See the Royal Commission on Genetic Modification website on: www.gmcommission.govt.nz
8
Queenstown Lakes District Council v Palmer [1999] 1 NZLR 549 (CA).
9
s 35(1) Accident Insurance Act 1998.
10 Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] AC 655 at 693 (HL).
11 Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] AC 655 (HL).
12 Sedleigh-Denfield v O'Callaghan [1940] AC 880 (HL).
13 (1868) LR 3 HL 330 (HL).
14 Irvine and Co Ltd v Dunedin City Corp [1939] NZLR 741 (CA).
15 French v Auckland City Council [1974] 1 NZLR 340.
16 AG v Geothermal Produce Ltd [1987] 2 NZLR 348 (CA); McMullin v ICI Operations Pty Ltd
(1997) 72 FCR 1.
17 Nelson/Tasman Branch Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society [IP43]. Evidence of
Jocelyn Bieleski, 8 February 2001. Transcript of proceedings: page 3458­3459. Royal
Forest and Bird Protection Society [IP79]. Interested Person submission: sB(c)(iii), para 60.
Federation of Maori Authorities [IP69]. Evidence of Jacob Haronga, 27 February 2001.
Transcript of proceedings: page 4283­4285. Nelson/Tasman Branch Royal Forest and
Bird Protection Society [IP43]. Interested Person submission: sB(e), para 26(1).
18 White Paper on Environmental Liability, Commission of the European Communities
[COM(2000) 66 Final] Brussels 9 February 2000, page 13.
19 Law Commission Report No 61 Tidying the Limitation Act (July 2000).
20 Genetic engineering and Liability insurance: The power of public perception. Swiss Reinsurance
Company, Zurich 1998.
21 The information which follows was supplied by John Lucas, Insurance Manager at the
Insurance Council of New Zealand, on 6 April 2001.
22 s108(1)(b) RMA.
23 s108(1)(a) RMA.
24 Proposals for Amendment to the Resource Management Act. Ministry for the Environment,
November 1998, paragraph 3.13, page 37.
25 Ministry for the Environment [IP101] submission.
26 The information in paragraphs 56 to 57 was supplied by John Lucas (see endnote 21) on 9
May 2001.
27 Nelson GE Awareness Group [IP100] Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 123.
28 "Guelph Prof Dubious of Genetically Altered Seed." The Expositor, Brantford. 23 June
1999. (www.biotech-info.net/a_clark_dubious.html). Standing Committee on Primary
Industries and Regional Services. Primary Producer Access to Gene Technology. House of
Representatives: Canberra, 13 August 1999, transcript of proceedings: page 75.
29 EEC A5-0032/2001, 29 January 2001.
30 Dr Joanne Dixon. Called by Human Genetics Society of Australasia, New Zealand Branch
[IP59]. Witness brief: sB(a). Human Rights Commission [PS3901] public submission: page
7. University of Auckland [IP16]. Associate Professor Ingrid Winship, 25 October 2000.
Transcript of proceedings: page 504­505. Sustainable Futures Trust [IP51]. Interested
Person submission: sA(1), para 2.2.
31 J Berger. Genetic Tests Risk Creating a New Underclass, The Guardian. 28 September
2000, cited in Human Rights Commission [PS3901] public submission: para 7.3.
32 Nelson GE Awareness Group [IP100]. Interested Person submission: sA(2), para 123.
33 World Medical Association Declaration on the Human Genome Project (1992), Marbella,
Spain.
34 Human Rights Commission [PS3901] public submission pages: 9-10.
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Reference
Report | Royal Commission on Genetic Modification
Chapter 14: The biotechnology century
1 New Zealand Catholic Bishops' Conference [IP38]. Evidence of Dr Michael McCabe in
cross-examination, 22 February 2001.
2 Association of Crown Research Institutes [IP22]. Interested Person submission: sB(n), para
11.
3 Environmental Risk Management Authority [IP76]. Interested Person submission: sA(2),
Section ii, para 18.
4 Teremoana Jones (Nga Puhi), 6-8 April 2000. National hui. Turangawaewae Marae.
Ngaruawahia. Transcript.
5 Mahara Okeroa (Taranaki), 15 December 2000. Wellington regional hui. Waiwhetu
Marae. Lower Hutt. Transcript.
6 Dr Morgan Williams, Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment [IP70]. Witness
brief: sB(k), para 26.
7 Monsanto New Zealand Ltd [IP6]. Interested Person submission: sB(k), para 107.
8 Ministry of Research, Science and Technology. See their website on: www.morst.govt.nz.