Contents
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Royal Commission on Genetic Modification | Report Appendix 1
Introduction to appendix 1
1
Abbreviations and macrons
1
1.
New Zealand context
2
1.1
New Zealand: the country and its economy
3
Geography
4
Population
4
Social history
5
Waitangi Tribunal
6
Economic history
6
Current economic conditions
8
Fiscal policy: the Fiscal Responsibility Act
8
Monetary policy
8
Taxation
9
Major industries
9
Land-based industries
10
The forestry industry
15
Fisheries and aquaculture
14
Tourism
16
Imports
17
Exports
17
Knowledge-based economy
18
Future policies for the knowledge economy
18
Software industry
19
Taxation of research and development
19
Education industry
19
References and further information
19
1.2
New Zealand: foreign policy and trade policy
21
Foreign policy
21
Development assistance
21
Trade policy
22
1.3
New Zealand: international legal obligations
23
United Nations-sponsored instruments and organisations
23
Convention on Biological Diversity
25
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
26
appendix 1
Context and process
Contents
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Contents
Report Appendix 1 | Royal Commission on Genetic M odification
International Plant Protection Convention
26
World Intellectual Property Organization
27
Food and Agriculture Organization
28
Codex Alimentarius Commission
28
Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and
Human Rights
30
Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
31
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights
32
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
of Wild Fauna and Flora
32
World Health Organization and Ottawa Charter for Health
Promotion
33
World Bank
33
Other international instruments and organisations
34
World Trade Organization
34
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties
of Plants
36
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 37
Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation
38
Asian Development Bank
38
Bilateral Australia­New Zealand instruments and organisations
39
ANZCERTA
39
Australia New Zealand Joint Food Standards, ANZFA and
ANZFSC
40
Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement
41
1.4
New Zealand: political framework
43
Constitution
43
Central government
45
The Legislature
45
The Executive
45
The Judiciary
46
Political spectrum
46
Local government
47
Royal Commissions
49
Background to the Royal Commission on Genetic
Modification
50
References and further information
51
2.
Current status of genetic modification in
New Zealand
52
2.1
Genetic modification legislation and regulation in
New Zealand
53
Introduction
53
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Royal Commission on Genetic Modification | Report Appendix 1
Key legislation for genetic modification
53
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act
53
Biosecurity Act
55
Legislation applicable to genetic modification
56
Resource Management Act
56
Environment Act
57
Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act
58
Medicines Act
58
Food Act and regulation
60
Animal Products Act
62
Health Act
62
Legislation and regulation potentially applicable to genetic
modification
63
Animal Welfare Act
63
Animals Protection (Codes of Ethical Conduct) Regulations 63
Conservation legislation
64
Intellectual property legislation
64
Consumer protection legislation
64
Research
64
Proposed legislation that may affect genetic modification
68
Assisted Human Reproduction Bill
68
Human Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill
69
2.2
Genetic modification and the precautionary approach
70
Introduction
70
Current status in the international context
70
New Zealand use of the principle
75
Elements of the principle at issue
76
References and further information
77
2.3
Genetic modification technology and its use in
New Zealand
78
Introduction
78
Basic techniques of genetic modification technology
79
DNA fragmentation
79
Recombination
80
Transformation
80
Selection
81
Cloning
81
DNA libraries
81
Identification
82
Sequencing
82
Restriction mapping
82
Insertional mutagenesis (tagging)
83
DNA injection
83
Knockout technology and homologous recombination
83
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Report Appendix 1 | Royal Commission on Genetic M odification
How long have genetic modification techniques been used in
New Zealand?
84
Use of genetic modification in New Zealand
84
Animals
85
Plants
89
Medical applications
92
Pure research and teaching
96
Food
97
Funding of genetic modification research
97
References and further information
99
3.
Processes of the Commission
102
3.1
Establishment of the Commission
103
Introduction
103
Establishing the Commission
103
The Warrant
104
Appointments
104
Commissioners
104
Counsel Assisting
105
Liaison Officer
105
Secretariat
105
Commission location
106
Planning the inquiry
106
Background papers
106
Consultation programme
107
Web site
107
3.2
Scoping Meetings: the process
109
Introduction
109
Information for participants
110
Forms of participation
110
Direct participation
111
Online participation
111
Mechanisms of participation
111
Topics, issues and questions
112
"Consensus card sort" process
112
Online contribution mechanism
113
3.3
Formal Hearings: the process
114
Introduction
114
Regulatory requirements regarding consultation process
114
Commission interpretation of regulatory requirements
115
Establishing the consultation programme
116
Application process for Interested Person status
117
Establishing the Formal Hearings procedure
118
Notification of Formal Hearing process
119
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Royal Commission on Genetic Modification | Report Appendix 1
Additional notification of Formal Hearing process
120
Interested Person written submission process
120
Formal Hearings venues, dates and times
121
Presentations in Maori
122
Evidence recording
122
Public and media attendance
122
Summary of the Formal Hearings
122
Opening statements by the Commission and its legal
counsel
122
Oral presentation of submissions
123
Cross-examination of Interested Persons
124
Additional hearings
124
New and rebuttal evidence
124
Closing and legal submissions
125
Conclusion
126
3.4
Public Meetings: the process
127
Introduction
127
Regulatory requirements regarding consultation
127
Interpretation of consultation requirements
128
Establishing a public consultation programme
129
Establishing the Public Meeting programme
129
Location
130
Dates and times
131
Venues
131
Programme
131
Commission staff involved in public meetings
135
Recording of attendees and proceedings
135
Advertising and publicity of public meetings
135
Media coverage
136
A summary of the proceedings
136
Attendance
137
Modifications to workshop programme
138
3.5
Public Submissions: the process
140
Introduction
140
Establishing the process
140
Invitation to make submissions
141
Submission guidelines
142
Receipt of submissions
142
Conclusion
143
3.6
Maori Consultation programme: the process
144
Introduction
144
Establishing the Maori Consultation Programme
145
Initial hui
145
Maori Consultation programme organisation
145
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Report Appendix 1 | Royal Commission on Genetic M odification
Advertising and publicity of Maori Consultation
programme
146
Workshops
146
Regional Hui
147
National Hui
148
3.7
Youth Forum: the process
149
Introduction
149
Establishing the forum
149
Venue
149
Date and time
149
Publicity and advertising
150
Registration
150
Programme of the event
150
Recording the event
152
Attendance at the event
152
Competition winners
152
Participants
152
Assessing the event
152
3.8
Public Opinion Survey: the process
154
Introduction and objectives
154
Method
155
4.
Operational detail
156
4.1
Terms of reference (the Warrant)
157
The Warrant in Mäori
162
4.2
Schedule of Formal Hearings
168
Schedule of Formal Hearings and Persons appearing before
the Commission
168
Formal Hearings (weeks 1­12)
168
Additional Hearings
182
Rebuttal and New Evidence
183
Closing and Legal Submissions
183
4.3
Public Meetings programme
185
Schedule of Public Meetings
185
4.4
Maori Consultation programme
187
Schedule of workshops and Hui
187
4.5
Background papers and authors
190
List of papers and their authors
190
Current uses
190
Legal aspects
191
Ethical issues
191
Public perceptions
191
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Royal Commission on Genetic Modification | Report Appendix 1
Maori aspects
191
Environmental aspects
192
Economics
192
Human health aspects
193
The international aspects of genetic modification
193
4.6
Commission members
194
Thomas Eichelbaum
194
Richard Randerson
194
Jean Fleming
195
Jacqueline Allan
196
4.7
Commission establishment
197
Management
197
Kaumatua
197
Counsel assisting the Commission
197
Core secretariat/Executive
197
Analysis and research
197
Administration and support
198
Communications and Editorial
199
5.
Glossaries
200
5.1
Glossary of technical terms
201
5.2
Glossary of Maori terms
220
5.3
Abbreviations
221
Index
225